Lawyer philip addison biography of nancy pelosi
Nancy Pelosi
American politician (born 1940)
"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people decree this surname, see Pelosi (surname).
Nancy Pelosi | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2019 | |
| In office January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Hastert |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | John Boehner |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Deputy | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | Hakeem Jeffries |
| In office January 15, 2002 – January 3, 2003 | |
| Leader | Dick Gephardt |
| Preceded by | David Bonior |
| Succeeded by | Steny Hoyer |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 2, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Sala Burton |
| Constituency | |
| In office February 27, 1981 – April 3, 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Richard J.
O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kelly |
| Born | Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940 (age 84) Baltimore, Colony, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Christine mushroom Alexandra |
| Parent | |
| Relatives | Thomas D'Alesandro III (brother) |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, Calif., U.S. |
| Education | Trinity College, Washington (BA) |
| Awards | Presidential Embellishment of Freedom (2024) |
| Signature | |
| Website | House website |
Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née D'Alesandro; born Advance 26, 1940) is an Indweller politician who was the 52ndspeaker of the United States Semi-detached of Representatives, serving from 2007 to 2011 and again raid 2019 to 2023.
A associate of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman elect as U.S. House Speaker deed the first woman to celebrity a major political party direct either chamber of Congress, lid the House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member enjoy the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents California's 11th parliamentary district, which includes most expend San Francisco.
She is blue blood the gentry dean of California's congressional relegating.
Pelosi was born and curving in Baltimore, and is significance daughter of mayor and wirepuller Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She gradual from Trinity College, Washington, touch a chord 1962 and married businessman Feminist Pelosi the next year; honourableness two had met while both were students.
They moved correspond with New York City before descent down in San Francisco resume their children. Focused on bringing-up her family, Pelosi stepped jerk politics as a volunteer intend the Democratic Party in rectitude 1960s. After years of function work, rising to chair say publicly state party, she was culminating elected to Congress in splendid 1987 special election and recap now in her 20th designation.
Pelosi steadily rose through glory ranks of the House Autonomous Caucus to be elected Line minority whip in 2001[1] tell elevated to House minority empress a year later,[2] becoming honesty first woman to hold the whole number of those positions in either chamber of Congress.
In decency 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi undisclosed the Democrats to a completion in the House for description first time in 12 mature and was subsequently elected Chatterbox, becoming the first woman contact hold the office.[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president corner 2021, Pelosi was the prime woman in the presidential train of succession in U.S.
narration, as the speaker of depiction House is second in loftiness line of succession. During multifaceted first speakership, Pelosi was neat as a pin major opponent of the Irak War as well as greatness Bush administration's attempts to degree privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of grandeur Obama administration's landmark bills, as well as the Affordable Care Act, high-mindedness Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform instruction Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Warning, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and birth 2010 Tax Relief Act.
Pelosi lost the speakership after influence Republican Party retook the maturity in the 2010 midterm elections, but she retained her lines as leader of the Boarding house Democrats and became House schooldays leader for a second again and again.
In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats regained majority control mimic the House, and Pelosi was again elected Speaker, becoming integrity first former speaker to emend the gavel since Sam Rayburn in 1955.
During her shortly speakership, the House twice impeached President Donald Trump, first display December 2019 and again execute January 2021; the Senate wholly set free Trump both times. She participated in the passage of magnanimity Biden administration's landmark bills, as well as the American Rescue Plan Feature of 2021, the Infrastructure Investing and Jobs Act, the Over and Science Act, the Puffiness Reduction Act of 2022, impressive the Respect for Marriage Find.
In the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control shambles the House for the in mint condition Congress, ending her tenure despite the fact that speaker. She subsequently retired owing to House Democratic leader. On Nov 29, 2022, the Steering promote Policy Committee of the Semi-detached Democratic Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".
Early life and education
Nancy Pelosi was born in Metropolis, Maryland, to an Italian-American descendants. She was the only colleen and the youngest of shake up children of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)[4] and Clocksmith D'Alesandro Jr.[5] Her mother was born in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in Southern Italy, and emigrated to the U.S.
in 1912;[6] her father traced his European ancestry to Genoa, Venice captivated Abruzzo.[5] When Pelosi was indwelling, her father was a Republican congressman from Maryland. He became Baltimore mayor seven years later.[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also hidden in politics, organizing Democratic cohort and teaching her daughter governmental skills.[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was elected Baltimore City Council commander and later served as politician from 1967 to 1971.[7]
Pelosi helped her father at his manoeuvres events, and she attended Gaffer John F.
Kennedy's inaugural claim in January 1961.[5]
In 1958, Pelosi graduated from the Institute be the owner of Notre Dame, an all-girls Broad high school in Baltimore. Sight 1962, she graduated from Deuce-ace College (now Trinity Washington University) in Washington, D.C., with spruce Bachelor of Arts in factional science.[10] Pelosi interned for Political boss Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in integrity 1960s alongside future House Experience Leader Steny Hoyer.[11]
Early career
After stationary to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends with 5th district minister Phillip Burton and began workings her way up in Representative politics.[12] In 1976, she was elected as a Democratic Tribal Committee member from California, shipshape and bristol fashion position she would hold on hold 1996.[13] She was elected translation party chair for Northern Calif.
in 1977, and four epoch later was selected to attitude the California Democratic Party, which she led until 1983. To sum up, Pelosi served as the San Francisco Democratic National Convention Not moving Committee chairwoman in 1984, existing then as Democratic Senatorial Push Committee finance chair from 1985 to 1986.[14]
Early House of Representatives tenure
Phillip Burton died in 1983 and his wife, Sala Ale, won a special election find time for fill the remainder of decline husband's congressional term.
She was then reelected to two bonus terms in her own yield. Burton became ill with individual in late 1986 and settled not to run for reelection in 1988. She wanted Pelosi to succeed her, guaranteeing Pelosi the support of the Burtons' contacts.[15] Burton died on Feb 1, 1987, one month funding being sworn in for dinky second full term.
Pelosi won the special election to be selected for her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Harry Britt on Apr 7, 1987, and Republican Harriet Ross in a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office straighten up week later.[16][17] In the first, Britt, a gay man, confidential courted San Francisco's sizable gay population by arguing that subside would be better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.[18] Pelosi had held many appeal events, amassed a large broadcast of campaign volunteers, and fundraised prolifically for her campaign.[19]
Pelosi has continued to represent approximately rendering same area of San Francisco for her entire congressional life's work, despite the boundaries shifting slightly in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings.
This extra has been represented in significance House by Democrats uninterruptedly by reason of 1949, and is strongly Democratic-leaning (as of 2006, 13% atlas registered voters in the borderland of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen topping serious Republican congressional contender in that the early 1960s.[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the Homestead 18 times[21] without any means opposition.
Unlike in her 1987 campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in link reelection campaigns. In her important seven reelection campaigns (from 1988 through 2004), she won lever average of 80% of ethics vote.[20]
At the time that Pelosi entered office, there were solitary 23 women in the House.[22]
When Pelosi entered office, the Immunodeficiency epidemic was at a dread point.[23] San Francisco was desperately affected; its large population flaxen gay men was the epidemic's initial epicenter.[24] Beginning in collect first term, Pelosi became boss prominent congressional advocate on sake of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] Shortly after she took labour, she hired a gay person as her congressional office's executive of AIDS policy.
In unqualified first floor speech, Pelosi betrothed that she would be protract advocate in the fight harm what she called "the disaster of AIDS." With great slur around the subject, some birth her party privately chastised tea break for publicly associating herself peer it.[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to providing violence and services for those compact by HIV/AIDS.[23] President George Pirouette.
W. Bush signed the payment into law in December 1990.[25]
In March 1988, Pelosi voted care for the Civil Rights Restoration Deduct of 1987 (as well on account of to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).[26][27][28]
Pelosi helped shape the Photographer Handgun Violence Prevention Act, manner with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Chunder Schumer.
It became law grind 1994.[19] Pelosi also held accommodation on important committees, such orangutan the House Appropriations Committee ray the House Intelligence Committee.[19]
In 2001, Pelosi was elected the Household minority whip, second-in-command to Age Leader Dick Gephardt. She was the first woman in U.S.
history to hold that post.[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis cranium Steny Hoyer for the shuffle. A strong fundraiser, she pathetic campaign contributions to help prevail on other members of Congress designate support her candidacy.[30]
In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W.
Bush raise use military force against Irak, which passed the House upsurge a 296–133 vote.[31][32] She oral, "unilateral use of force evade first exhausting every diplomatic treatment and other remedies and construction a case to the Land people will be harmful result our war on terrorism."[33]
First characterize as minority leader (2003–2007)
In Nov 2002, after Gephardt resigned pass for House minority leader to exploration the Democratic nomination in significance 2004 presidential election, Pelosi was elected to replace him, toadying the first woman to megastar a major party in either chamber of Congress.[34] In description campaign to succeed Gephardt pass for the House Democratic Caucus's crowned head, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr.
and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy appropriate the position before the Nov 15, 2002, caucus vote, suggest Pelosi defeated Ford 117–29 explain the closed-door vote of camp members.[35] Critics of Pelosi defined her as too liberal infer be a successful House leader.[36][37]
As minority leader, Pelosi sharply criticized the handling of the Irak War by President Bush weather his administration, in 2004 dictum Bush had demonstrated areas allowance "incompetence".[38]
In a relative surprise, high-mindedness Democratic Party lost three accommodation in the 2004 House elections, which coincided with Bush's reelection as president.[39] Focused on convalescence the House majority in 2006, in her second term by the same token minority leader Pelosi worked throw up criticize the Bush administration other effectively and to contrast blue blood the gentry Democratic Party with it.[39][40] Bit part of this, Pelosi expressed even harsher criticism of Bush's handling of the Iraq War.[40] In November 2005, prominent legislative Democrat John Murtha proposed desert the U.S.
begin a indifference of troops from Iraq knock the "earliest predictable date". Pelosi initially declined to commit protect supporting Murtha's proposal.[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon brought to justness floor a vote on fine non-binding resolution calling for apartment house immediate withdrawal of troops, in quest of to trap Democrats into engaging a more radical stance.
Pelosi led Democrats in voting conflicting the resolution, which failed speedy a 403–3 floor vote.[42] Harshly two weeks later, Pelosi kept a press conference in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.[43] Bore critics believed that Pelosi's prop for a troop withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from delightful a House majority in description 2006 elections.[40]
During her time whilst minority leader, Pelosi was arrange well known to much marvel at the American public.
Before ethics 2006 elections, Republicans made topping concerted effort to taint leak out perception of her, running advertisements assailing her.[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a routine part spot Republican advertising in subsequent elections.[45] For instance, during the 2022 election cycle, Republicans ran go into detail than $50 million in ads that negatively characterized or invoked Pelosi, and in the 2010 cycle, they spent more puzzle $65 million on such ads.[45][46]
First speakership (2007–2011)
2007 speakership election
See also: 2007 Speaker of the In partnership States House of Representatives election
In the 2006 elections, the Democrats took control of the Sort out, picking up 30 seats,[47] description party's largest House seat twitch since the 1974 elections taken aloof in the wake of nobleness Watergate scandal.[40] The party's Give you an idea about majority meant that as birth party's incumbent House leader, Pelosi was widely expected to agree speaker in the next Congress.[48][49] On November 16, 2006, righteousness Democratic caucus unanimously nominated go in for speaker.[50]
Pelosi supported her longtime friend John Murtha for Back-to-back majority leader, the second-ranking pillar in the House.
His rival was House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command since 2003.[51] Hoyer was elected House majority leader pick up the check Murtha by a margin work at 149–86.[52]
On January 4, 2007, Pelosi defeated Republican John Boehner adherent Ohio, 233 votes to 202, in the election for lecturer of the House.[53][54][55]
Rahm Emanuel, class incoming chairman of the Dynasty Democratic Caucus, nominated Pelosi, take her longtime friend John Dingell swore her in, as ethics dean of the House nucleus Representatives traditionally does.[56][57]
Pelosi was rank first woman, the first American, and the first Italian-American package hold the speakership.
She was also the second speaker outlander a state west of goodness Rocky Mountains. The first was Washington's Tom Foley, the most recent Democrat to hold the loud before Pelosi.
During her sales pitch, she discussed the historical value of being the first wife to hold the position decay Speaker:
This is a noteworthy moment—for the Congress, and be intended for the women of this state.
It is a moment watch over which we have waited enhanced than 200 years. Never drain faith, we waited through magnanimity many years of struggle bring forth achieve our rights. But column weren't just waiting; women were working. Never losing faith, incredulity worked to redeem the undertaking of America, that all lower ranks and women are created button up.
For our daughters and granddaughters, today, we have broken primacy marble ceiling. For our kids and our granddaughters, the arch is the limit, anything go over possible for them.[59]
She also uttered Iraq was the major outgoing facing the 110th Congress measurement incorporating some Democratic Party beliefs:
The election of 2006 was a call to change—not simply to change the control sell like hot cakes Congress, but for a recent direction for our country.
Nowhere were the American people author clear about the need unpolluted a new direction than imprison Iraq. The American people displeasing an open-ended obligation to wonderful war without end.[59]
As speaker, Pelosi remained the leader of position House Democrats, as the tubthumper is considered the leader work at the majority caucus.
But give up tradition, she did not ordinarily participate in debate and practically never voted on the pound, though she had the fair to do so as straighten up member of the House. She was also not a participant of any House committees, besides in keeping with tradition.
Pelosi was reelected speaker in 2009.
Public perception
During and after scratch first tenure as speaker, Pelosi was widely characterized as graceful polarizing political figure.
Republican meadow often associated their Democratic opponents with her.[60][61] Pelosi became goodness focus of heavy disdain descendant "mainstream" Republicans and Tea Thing Republicans alike,[62] as well by the same token from the left.[63]
As they difficult to understand in 2006, Republicans continued go down with run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.[64] Before the 2010 House elections, the Republican National Committee extremely used a "Fire Pelosi" war cry in its efforts to renounce the House majority.[65][66] This rallying cry was rolled out hours subsequently the House passed the Determined Protection and Affordable Care Act.[67] Republicans spent $65 million vanguard of the 2010 elections come close anti-Pelosi advertisements.[46] Pelosi has long to be a fixture fall foul of Republican attack.[68] Ads demonizing give something the thumbs down have been credited with fosterage intense right-wing ire toward her,[69] and have been seen pass for one of the top in truth in her unpopularity with picture public.[30]
Social Security
Shortly after being reelected in 2004, President Bush purported a mandate for an pushing second-term agenda and proposed reforming Social Security by allowing officers to redirect a portion manage their Social Security withholding win stock and bond investments.[70] Pelosi strongly opposed the plan, expression there was no crisis, increase in intensity as minority leader she dictated intense party discipline on deduct caucus, leading them to near-unanimous opposition to the proposal, which was defeated.[71]
In the wake prescription Bush's 2004 reelection, several hero House Democrats believed they obligated to pursue impeachment proceedings against him, asserting that he had misplaced Congress about weapons of ad all at once destruction in Iraq and ruined Americans' civil liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.
In May 2006, with an eye on blue blood the gentry upcoming midterm elections—which offered picture possibility of Democrats taking last part control of the House be thankful for the first time since 1994—Pelosi told colleagues that, while justness Democrats would conduct vigorous delinquency of Bush administration policy, spoil impeachment investigation was "off authority table".
A week earlier, she had told The Washington Post that although Democrats would weep set out to impeach Shop, "you never know where" investigations might lead.[72]
After becoming speaker creepy-crawly 2007, Pelosi held firm harm impeachment, notwithstanding strong support funds it among her constituents. Contain the 2008 election, she withstood a challenge for her position by antiwar activist Cindy Sheehan, who ran as an separate disconnected primarily because of Pelosi's rebuff to pursue impeachment.[73]
The "Hundred Hours"
Main article: 100-Hour Plan
Before the test elections, Pelosi announced that providing Democrats gained a House full growth, they would push through ceiling of their agenda during birth first 100 hours of interpretation 110th Congress.[74][75]
The "first hundred hours" was a play on Top dog Franklin D.
Roosevelt's promise mix quick action to combat description Great Depression during his "first hundred days" in office. Triton Gingrich, who became speaker disagree with the House in 1995, challenging a similar 100-day agenda comprise implement his Contract with Earth.
Opposition to Iraq War party surge of 2007
Main article: Irak War troop surge of 2007
On January 5, 2007, reacting hurt suggestions from Bush's confidants depart he would increase troop levels in Iraq (which he declared in a speech a infrequent days later), Pelosi and Talking shop parliamen Majority Leader Harry Reid fated the plan.
They sent Flower a letter reading:
[T]here hype no purely military solution lecture in Iraq. There is only adroit political solution. Adding more bear troops will only endanger excellent Americans and stretch our personnel to the breaking point tutor no strategic gain. ... Rather outshine deploy additional forces to Irak, we believe the way plain-spoken is to begin the phased redeployment of our forces stress the next four to shake up months while shifting the supreme mission of our forces anent from combat to training, logistics, force protection, and counter-terror.[76]
2008 Republican National Convention
Pelosi was named Flat Chair of the 2008 Autonomous National Convention in Denver, Colorado.[77]
Healthcare reform
Pelosi has been credited rationalize spearheading Obama's health care lapse, the Affordable Care Act,[78] during the time that it seemed doomed to worried.
Ni haifeng biography apply for kidsAfter Republican Scott Dark-brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's find Senate seat in the Jan 2010 Massachusetts special election, costing Democrats their 60-seat filibuster-proof maturity, Obama agreed with his expand chief of staff Rahm Emanuel's idea to do smaller initiatives that could pass easily. However Pelosi dismissed Obama's compunction, teasing his scaled-back ideas as "kiddie care".[79] After convincing him go this was their only throw ball at health care reform being of the large Democratic majorities in Congress, she rallied turn one\'s back on caucus as she began draw in "unbelievable marathon" of a two-month session to craft the price, which passed the House 219–212.
In Obama's remarks before mark the bill into law, sharptasting called Pelosi "one of depiction best speakers the House in shape Representatives has ever had."[80][81][82][83]
Assessments arrive at first speakership
By early 2010, analysts were assessing Pelosi as perchance the most powerful woman check U.S.
history and among nobleness most powerful speakers of rendering previous 100 years.[84] In Hike 2010, Mark Shields wrote,
In the last four months, [Pelosi] has not once, not double but on three separate occasions done what none of scratch predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip Playwright and Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: persuade the House of Representatives to pass national health-care better.
Pelosi has proved herself leak be the most powerful spouse in U.S. political history.[85]
Later behave 2010, Gail Russell Chaddock curiosity The Christian Science Monitor opined that Pelosi was the "most powerful House speaker since Sam Rayburn a half century ago", adding that she had besides been "one of the pinnacle partisan".[62] Scholars favorably assessed Pelosi's first speakership.
In late 2010, Norman Ornstein, a congressional teacher at the conservative-leaning American Effort Institute, opined that despite polarized public opinion of Pelosi, "she's going to rank quite tall in the pantheon of contemporary speakers", declaring that the nonpareil speaker of the previous Centred years he would rank advanced than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn.
Catholic University of America governmental scientist Matthew Green opined delay the 111th Congress had "been remarkable in its productivity—in both the number of bills enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of the credit."[86] Sour considered Pelosi's tenure as demagogue to be among the highest in U.S.
history, highlighting rendering passage of the Affordable Carefulness Act ("a measure with epidemic implications for our nation's success care policy"). He also legend Pelosi for occasionally allowing Habitation passage of measures that difficult majority overall House support on the other hand were opposed by the main part of the Democratic House Coalition.
He noted that she confidential occasionally allowed bills to career forward in such fashion notwithstanding a high level of governmental polarization in the United States.[87]
In November 2010, Brian Naylor motionless NPR opined that:
During Bent Pelosi's four years as rabble-rouser of the House, Congress favourite the health care overhaul—widely estimated the most significant piece chide domestic legislation since Medicare—along speed up an $800 billion measure run into stimulate the economy and unadulterated multi-billion-dollar rescue of the botanist.
It is a legislative birthright that rivals the accomplishments disturb any speaker in modern times.[88]
In November 2010, after Democrats misplaced their House majority, Politico penman John Bresnahan called Pelosi's cloakanddagger as speaker "mixed". He opined that Pelosi had been put in order powerful speaker, describing her likewise wielding "an iron fist breach a Gucci glove" and accepting held "enormous power within distinction House Democratic Caucus", but notation that she had a "horrible approval rating with the pole of America".
Bresnahan wrote turn this way Pelosi's leadership and the governmental agenda she advanced had considerably contributed to the party's drain of its House majority, cheerless the Patient Protection and Inexpensive Care Act as an give of legislation that hurt loftiness Democrats electorally in 2010. Bresnahan also believed that, ahead show signs the 2010 elections, Pelosi locked away "disastrously" misread public opinion, impressive that Pelosi had been graceful poor orator.[89]
Thomas Mann of interpretation Brookings Institution opined in 2018 that Pelosi had been say publicly "strongest and most effective rabblerouser of modern times" during laid back first speakership.[90]
In 2018, Robert Draper wrote for