Arthur currie bio

Canadian WWI general

For the DC Comics character known as President Curry, see Aquaman.

"General Currie" redirects here. For other uses, hypothesis General Currie (disambiguation).

GeneralSir Arthur William Currie, GCMG, KCB (5 December 1875 – 30 November 1933) was a postpositive major officer of the Canadian Bevy who fought during World Enmity I.

He had the unequalled distinction of starting his martial career on the very buttocks rung as a pre-war yeomanry gunner before rising through influence ranks to become the precede Canadian commander of the Corps. Currie's success was homespun on his ability to hotfoot adapt brigade tactics to probity exigencies of trench warfare, urgency set piece operations and bite-and-hold tactics.

He is generally accounted to be among the outdo capable commanders of the Curry favour with Front, and one of prestige finest commanders in Canadian expeditionary history.

Currie began his bellicose career in 1897 as unornamented part-time soldier in the Hotfoot it militia while making his rations as a teacher and following as an insurance salesman dowel real estate speculator.

Currie cardinal quickly through the ranks: licenced as an officer in 1900, promoted to captain in 1901, then major in 1906 stomach became an artillery regimental officer in 1909. In 1913 Currie accepted the command of honesty newly created 50th Regiment Gordon Highlanders of Canada. Finding in the flesh in debt following a be situated estate crash in Victoria, Currie embezzled ten thousand dollars earmarked for regimental uniforms into monarch personal accounts to pay nark his debts.

When the Chief World War broke out Confuse Minister of MilitiaSam Hughes cut out for Currie as commander of position 2nd Canadian Brigade. Following class Second Battle of Ypres Currie was promoted to major-general deliver commander of the 1st Climb Division. Following the Battle nominate Vimy Ridge, Canadian Corps officer Julian Byng was promoted take a look at general and Currie, the Ordinal Canadian Division commander, was promoted to lieutenant-general and assumed charge of the Canadian Corps.

Complete returning to Canada, Currie was promoted to general and was made Inspector General of honourableness Canadian Army. Although he locked away only a high school certificate, Currie became the principal existing vice-chancellor of McGill University take on 1920, holding this post unconfirmed his death in 1933.

Early life

Arthur Currie was born cause inconvenience to 5 December 1875 to William Garner Curry and Jane Patterson on their farm near high-mindedness hamlet of Napperton, Ontario, efficacious west of Strathroy.^[1][2] He was the third in a stock of eight children and grew up on the homestead weekend away his paternal grandparents, John Corrigan and Jane Garner.

Currie's grandparents had emigrated from Ireland value 1838 to escape religious competition, and upon their arrival down Canada they had converted detach from Catholicism and Anglicanism to Protestantism, changing the family name overexert Corrigan to Curry. Arthur Currie modified the spelling of reward surname from Curry to Currie in 1897.

Currie was educated mission local common schools and livid the Strathroy District Collegiate Academy, where he proved to accredit a good student especially involved in literature.

He had interpretation to pursue a professional existence in law or medicine; nevertheless, the death of his priest when Arthur was fifteen through this impossible due to potentate limited financial means. Currie rather than pursued teacher training, but filth was unable to secure a-ok job and returned to buoy up school to complete an titles certificate in order to fright university entrance.

In May 1894, mere months before his terminal exams, Currie quarrelled with defer of his teachers, and to sum up left high school to search for his fortune in British University, hoping to take advantage castigate the financial boom resulting deprive the construction of the transcontinental railway. However, Currie found cack-handed prospects outside of teaching, ergo he qualified as a coach in British Columbia and took a teaching position on rendering Saanich Peninsula north of Waterfall, British Columbia.

In 1896 Currie moved to Victoria, taking far-out position at Boy's Central Secondary and later Victoria High School.^[1]

Early military career

On 6 May 1897 Currie joined the Canadian Force as a part-time gunner endorse the 5th (British Columbia) Fountain pen Artillery Regiment. Currie achieved righteousness rank of corporal in 1900 and was soon after offered an officer's commission, which would give him a much greater status in the social twist of Victoria.^[2] A military sleep was however an expensive setting off.

Officers were expected to domestic animals their own set of madetoorder uniforms and to donate their pay to the officer's dirty. Currie was discouraged by circlet financial prospects as a teacher; and consequently, in February 1900, he left teaching and took a position as an guarantee salesman with Matson & Coles, a local insurance firm.

Push 14 August 1901 Currie marital Lucy Chaworth-Musters, who had back number raised by Currie's aunt courier uncle in British Columbia make sure of being abandoned by her Land military officer father following excellence death of her mother make known childbirth.

Currie took on his part as militia officer seriously.

Smartness attended every available course offered by the British Army Crew at Work Point Barracks be thankful for Esquimalt, often ordered military words books from London and was found on the shooting annoyed every Saturday. He was expert keen marksman and was chosen president of the British Town Rifle Association in 1905.

Currie was promoted to captain family unit November 1901, and then denigration major in 1906. By Sep 1909, he had risen get rid of the rank of lieutenant-colonel, overlooking the 5th Regiment. Apart running away his interest in the band of soldiers, Currie was also an investigative Freemason, rising to the arrangement of deputy grandmaster of birth Victoria District of Freemasonry imprisoned 1907.

He also served fold up years as president of loftiness Young Men's Liberal Association medium Victoria, and several times was suggested as a candidate represent the provincial legislature.

In addition benefits his military career, Currie elongated to be active in venture. He was appointed head end the Matson Insurance Firm drop 1904 when Sam Matson, who had many business interests over and done his insurance firm, decided equal concentrate his energy on bring out the Daily Colonist.

With practised land speculation boom in Empress in full swing, Currie weather a Victoria businessman, R. Smashing. Power, formed Currie & Difficulty in 1908. Currie invested weightily laboriously in the real estate exchange. The firm was a attainment until 1912 when property prices began to decline. In 1913 Currie's financial situation deteriorated briskly as the value of circlet real estate holdings decreased cope with he became financially over-extended.

Play in August, Currie's five-year term style commander of the 5th Institutionalize came to a close turf he faced a forced solitude from the Canadian Militia efficient the age of 38. Immaculate this critical juncture, he was approached to take command elect a new militia regiment.

Following the Canadian federal election wear out 1911, Minister of Militia endure Defence Sam Hughes had businesslike a rapid expansion of excellence national force.

The large count of Scottish citizens of Empress appealed for the formation noise a Highland regiment in Falls to augment the 88th Assimilate Victoria Fusiliers, which had antiquated formed in 1912. On 15 August 1913 the government sanctioned the formation of the Fiftieth Regiment Gordon Highlanders of Canada.

The originally designated commanding bobby for the new regiment unsuccessful to qualify for the publish and Currie was approached introduction a logical replacement. Currie originally turned down the idea, impending recognizing that the cost relief the new Highland uniforms very last mess bills would only join to his financial problems.^[16] Realm subordinate and friend, Major Garnet Hughes, Sam Hughes' son, was responsible for persuading Currie comprise reconsider and accept the relocate.

Currie attended the Militia Standard Course conducted by Major Prizefighter Lipsett, future commander of grandeur 3rd Canadian Division, and able in March 1914.

Currie was burly to avoid personal bankruptcy, which would have resulted in spruce loss in social standing duct forced him to resign culminate commission.

On 31 July 1914, Currie received CA$10,833.34 (equivalent to $283,653 in 2023) from the Band of soldiers Department with which to acquire new uniforms. Instead of stir the funds to pay fascicle Moore, Taggart and Co fulfill the regimental uniforms, Currie misappropriated the funds to pay give up his personal debts. The Ordinal Regiment's honorary colonel, William Shy, had promised to underwrite rendering regiment with $35,000, and Currie planned to use the ackers to pay the uniform fasciculus.

Unfortunately for Currie, Coy upfront not follow through with empress financial commitment to the organize, leaving Currie's accounting sleight-of-hand potentially exposed.

When World War I beggared out and Canada found strike at war on 4 Respected 1914, Currie was offered slow lane of Military District No. 11 – British River.

When he turned this hazy, he was then offered demand of the 2nd Infantry Force of the Canadian Expeditionary Force's 1st Canadian Division. Currie alleged turning down this offer pass for well so he could endeavor to solve his financial woes. He once again changed queen mind at the urging good buy Garnet Hughes.

Currie's promotion calculate brigadier-general was confirmed on 29 September 1914,^[23] and he took command of the 2nd Troop drove at the Valcartier Camp clod Quebec. When the 50th Regiment's acting commanding officer, Major Cecil Roberts, wrote to him investigative as to the status describe the uniform grant, Currie undiscovered the correspondence and sailed in a foreign country with his brigade in Oct 1914.

World War I

Brigade commander

Main article: Second Battle of Ypres

The Ordinal Canadian Division spent the frost of 1914–15 training in England, and were sent to Writer in February 1915.

After unembellished period of indoctrination in character realities of trench warfare, they took control of a part of trench in the Ypres Salient on 17 April 1915. Only five days later, interpretation Germans used poison gas aspire the first time on significance Western Front.^[24] French colonial force on the Canadians' left edge broke, leaving a 7-kilometre (4.3 mi) long hole in the Amalgamated line.^[25] In the chaos think it over followed, Currie proved his bill as a leader by assessing the situation, and coolly state of affairs commands from his brigade ignoble even as it was gassed and then destroyed by flame.

Currie cobbled together a soggy defence and counterattacked. At subject point, he personally went repossess to the rear to conglomerate to convince two regiments another British reinforcements to move evolve. After several days of savage fighting, Allied counterattacks re-established dialect trig stable defensive line, denying picture Germans a breakthrough.

Currie's control during the Second Battle bad deal Ypres was a source care for dispute by British historian Book Edward Edmonds, who argued roam Currie and his 2nd Conflict Brigade performed poorly at Ypres. Currie, supported by the Disorder official historian Colonel Archer Fortescue Duguid, waged a vigorous fortification, charging that Edmonds was hunt to diminish the Canadian assessment to the Second Battle signal your intention Ypres.

Edmonds wrongly accused Currie of ordering his men appendix retreat on 24 April 1915 because of the chaos caused by the chlorine gas skull fierce attacks of the Teutonic infantry; Currie and Duguid supposed it was Brigadier-General Richard Historian, commanding the 3rd Canadian Legion on Currie's left, who locked away ordered a retreat without without delay, leaving Currie with an fully open left flank.

Canadian historian Christian Travers also argued that Edmonds was very unfair to Currie since the 1st Canadian Element occupied a position that would have been difficult to safeguard even under normal conditions, beyond considering the effects of interpretation first mass use of miasma gas and the complete termination of French forces on their left flank.

Although acknowledging put off Currie had made mistakes, Travers maintained that unlike the Algerians who fled, Currie's 2nd Mass held its ground at Ypres, consequently losing 46% of sheltered total strength either killed in good health wounded over two days pleasant fighting.

Following the battle, Currie was promoted to major-general,^[30] and terrestrial command of the entire Ordinal Canadian Division.

He was besides appointed a Companion of rectitude Order of the Bath (CB)^[31] and a Commander of birth Legion d'Honneur.

Division commander

See also: Battle of Mont Sorrel person in charge Battle of Vimy Ridge

Although dignity Canadians did not take textile in the infamous Anglo-French foray on the Somme on 1 July 1916, they did at last move into the line mass the fall to aid integrity slow crawl forward.

Currie authentic himself to be the maestro of the set-piece assault, preconcerted to take limited objectives status then hold on in influence face of inevitable German counterattacks. It was at this spell that Currie lost favour right former friends Sam and Garnet Hughes. Sam Hughes wanted Garnet promoted to command of uncluttered division, but Currie, having unconventional Garnet in action at goodness Second Battle of Ypres, considered Garnet to be an unskilled officer, and refused.

Currie's reliable was on the rise, keep from Hughes did not have high-mindedness necessary leverage to force Currie to comply.

By late 1916, the four Canadian divisions were in France, gathered together rightfully the Canadian Corps under excellence command of Sir Julian Byng. The British High Command apprised Byng that the Canadians would have a central role increase by two the upcoming Battle of Tapestry by attacking Vimy Ridge, 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Arras violent the western edge of honourableness Douai Plains.

Byng ordered Currie to study the Battle goods the Somme and advise what lessons could be taken charge applied. Currie was also amidst a set of officers who attended a series of lectures hosted by the French Host regarding their experiences during class Battle of Verdun. Currie keen only questioned senior French teachers but also sought out sink officers and asked the very much questions, carefully noting the discrepancies between the senior officers' folk-wisdom and the junior officers' experiences.^[33] On 20 January 1917 Currie began a series of exceptional received lectures to Corps captain divisional headquarters based on consummate research.

In response to greatness Verdun visit, organizational changes were made to the platoon design within the infantry battalions mosey would later become corps-wide undulations. In his report, Currie evaluated not only the French but also what the Canadians had done wrong in glory fighting around Pozières in 1916. Currie summarized the primary as a matter of actual fact behind successful French offensive action as: careful staff work, concentrated artillery preparation and support, distinction element of surprise, and far-out high state of training pressure the infantry units detailed pray the assault.

Currie, in command clean and tidy the 1st Canadian Division, was responsible for the broad gray sector of the Canadian Cohort advance and expected to put together the greatest advance in cost of distance.

The attack was to begin at 5:30 am refuse to comply Easter Monday, 9 April 1917. By the end of glory first day, the 1st Scrimmage Division had captured all go with its first line objectives turf the left half of cast down second line. The next morn by 9:30 am, fresh troops confidential leap-frogged existing battalions to elicit to the third objective core curriculum.

To permit the troops offend to consolidate the third hard-hitting, the advance halted and depiction barrage remained stationary for cardinal minutes while machine guns were brought forward. Shortly before 1:00 pm, the advance recommenced and, building block 2:00 pm, the 1st Canadian Share secured their final objective.

Canadian Hands commander

See also: Battle of Mound 70 and Second Battle bargain Passchendaele

When Byng was promoted leak general in command of high-mindedness British Third Army in June 1917, Currie was raised suck up to the temporary rank of lieutenant-general on 9 June,^[40] and noted command of the entire Scrabble Corps.

Currie was knighted soak King George V and settled Knight Commander of the Pigeonhole of St Michael and Events George (KCMG) in the King's Birthday Honours of 4 June 1917.^[41] As he was engaging command of the Corps, expression reached Currie that the Tussle cabinet had been informed allround his embezzlement.

To avoid talk of the scandal from crackup, Currie borrowed money from four wealthy subordinates, David Watson viewpoint Victor Odlum, to finally compensate back the money he challenging taken from the 50th Regiment.

The British First Army commander Lieutenant-General Henry Horne ordered the Conflict Corps to relieve I Women opposite the city of Drinking-glass on 10 July 1917, subject directed Currie to develop grand plan for capturing the nous by the end of July 1917.

The operation was spontaneous to engage as many Germanic formations as possible and hear prevent them from reinforcing justness Ypres sector during the Base Battle of Ypres. After examining the area, Currie instead future to take the high clay outside the city, marked proletariat allied maps as Hill 70, hold the feature in character expectation of a German retort, and inflict casualties by precaution a zone of concentrated weapon and machine gun fire.

Currie's plan was implemented successfully, see by the end of say publicly battle, some 20,000 Germans difficult been killed or wounded to hand the cost of 9,000 Canadians. The operation was effective manner preventing German formations from transference local men and equipment run into Ypres, and Haig believed zigzag the Battle of Hill 70 was one of the masterly minor operations of the war.

The Canadian Corps was then transferred from Lens to Ypres outlook take part in the Action of Passchendaele.

Currie was tasked with continuing the advance afoot by the now exhausted II Anzac Corps in order take a break ultimately capture Passchendaele village leading gain favourable observation positions dowel drier winter positions. Currie submitted his provisional operational plan overshadow 16 October and presented first-class plan with extensive resources notion available in reserve.

He deemed the attack would result hurt 16,000 casualties.^[47] Currie's preparations categorized reconnaissance, road construction and pure massing of artillery and full-size machine guns.^[48] Rather than undeniable mass assault, Currie designed marvellous series of well-prepared, sharp attacks that allowed the Corps go to see take an objective and commit fraud hold it against the destined German counterattacks.

By 30 Oct, the Canadians, aided by bend over British divisions, gained the boundary of the village in out driving rainstorm, and then spoken for on for five days despoil intense shelling and counter-attacks, frequently standing waist deep in clay as they fought. The Canadians' victory came at the price of 15,654 casualties, including 4,028 killed.

Currie's grim casualty suggestion had been accurate.^[49]

End of birth war

Main articles: Hundred Days Breakin and Canada's Hundred Days

By inconvenient 1918 the Canadian Corps was in a state of dubiety. The Canadian government wanted come to get expand the Canadian Corps via forming a 5th Division on the other hand the BEF wanted the Skedaddle mix up Corps reorganized to mirror Island divisions.

British command also free to integrate American battalions long-drawn-out the depleted corps, which Currie predicted would be a rip and would destroy the alike structure of the corps. Currie was opposed to all those measures since he did cry view them as being be sold for the best interests of illustriousness corps. Currie, with the go on a goslow of the Minister of Outside Military Forces, prevailed against rank structural changes.

The Canadian Detachment retained its original Canadian organisational structure and fought as copperplate homogeneous formation for the ample Hundred Days Offensive.

On 21 Hoof it 1918 the Germans launched swell major Spring Offensive hoping separate force an armistice on their terms, but by the season their forward momentum had anachronistic contained and the Allies treated to counterattack.

In August 1918, when Currie was ordered expire move the corps 70 miles (110 km) south to Amiens, dignity Canadians took pains to clean their move. This included carriage a radio unit and bend in half battalions to Ypres as skilful diversion.^[53] With no preliminary armament bombardment at Amiens to inform the Germans, the attack arranged 8 August was a go well.

The Canadians were withdrawn running away the line, and moved assess the Somme, where they participated in the attack on nobleness Hindenburg Line at the Drocourt–Quéant Line on 2 September. Primacy assault resulted in the Germans being overrun along a 7,000-yard (6,400 m) front.^{[failed verification]} Historian Denis Winter called the seizure complete the Drocourt–Quéant line by rank Canadian Corps the "greatest inimitable achievement" of the British Expeditionary Force during the entire clash, and praised Currie for rulership ability to bring an "unprecedented" concentration of artillery and personal computer gun fire together with feisty infantry sections that were purposeful for the situation.

The European Seventeenth Army then retreated recklessness the flooded Canal du Nord. Currie took three weeks medical prepare perhaps his most confident plan: he suggested the broad corps cross the drier divide of the canal on precise front of only 2,700 yards (2,500 m). On 27 September depiction entire corps moved across honourableness canal as planned, and commit fraud through the German lines interleave a series of planned wind manoeuvres designed to confuse loftiness Germans.

Exhausted and demoralized, probity German army staged a moderate retreat over the next fivesome weeks. On 10 November, rafter what was to be rulership most controversial decision, Currie, subordinate to orders to continue to honour, ordered elements of the women to liberate Mons. On illustriousness morning of 11 November, chimp Currie received orders confirming in attendance would be a general peace at 11:00 am, the capture near Mons was completed.

In Dec 1918, Currie established the Clash War Narrative Section to persist a level of control by reason of to how the Canadian part to the Hundred Days Robbery would be documented in key in and presented to the common. Tim Cook argues that rendering Canadian War Narrative Section was an important step in quite a distance only recording and presenting nobility achievements of the Canadian Crew but also in restoring Currie's damaged reputation, which had back number battered by Sam Hughes alight his supporters in Parliament.

Industrialist frequently referred to Currie owing to a butcher.

Biography hsiang lao

Post-war

Currie and family difficult to understand moved to England in 1915. They returned to Canada shadowing the war, arriving in Halifax on 17 August 1919. Thumb band or crowd received character ship when it docked fairy story when Currie arrived at significance Victoria Memorial Building to address the 13th Canadian Parliament prohibited received a lukewarm reception.

Currie was appointed Inspector General have a high regard for the Armed Forces and was then promoted to full typical on 10 December, the utmost ranking position in the Hotfoot it forces. Currie intended to concentrated the position to reform position military. However, in the post-war period, military funding was tumble down and Currie encountered significant disapproval from the military bureaucracy halt organizational changes.

Deeply unhappy, Currie retired from the military, bid in May 1920 accepted integrity position of principal and hero of McGill University in Montreal.

McGill University

Currie had only a tall school diploma, but on integrity recommendation of McGill's acting supreme, Frank Dawson Adams, Currie was selected as principal and manageress of McGill University on justness basis of his "exceptional wits of organization and administration" ride his "capacity for inspiration ride leadership" rather than academic prowess.^[62] Within months of Currie's engagement, he led a fund-raising appeal to revive the university, restless from coast to coast entertain a personal appeal for support;^[63] the fundraising campaign raised CA$6.5 million, more than the earliest goal of CA$5 million.

Currie made a name for as a premier university curator. From 1925 to 1927 elegance served as president of character National Conference of Canadian Universities and was elected as spruce up trustee of the Carnegie Construct for the Advancement of Edification in 1927.^[65] Currie was besides instrumental in saving the Educational institution for Graduate Nurses at Grand Victoria College from closure collective the early 1930s.

During Currie's time as McGill's Principal distinction university established the Faculty bear out Music, the School for Mark off Nurses, and the Faculty emancipation Graduate Studies and Research, near doubled its income despite character difficulties brought on by description Great Depression.^[67] Currie was additionally President of the Last Stake Fund from 1924 to 1932.^[69]

Libel suit

In June 1927, the be elastic of Mons erected a memorial commemorating its liberation by excellence Canadian Corps nine years formerly.

But, when this event was reported in Canadian newspapers, Currie's enemies took the opportunity be again question the necessity ransack the final day of battle. A front-page editorial published disputable 13 June 1927 by prestige Hughes-friendly Port Hope Evening Guide argued that Currie was either negligent or deliberate in biting the lives of soldiers below his command in taking Fat on the final day sum the war.

The newspaper challenging only a small local diffusion, and Currie's friends advised him against pursuing the matter. Regardless, Currie was unwilling to hunting lodge the matter go, and sued the newspaper for libel, in search of $50,000 ($863,000 today) in redress. The trial in April 1928 was front-page news across Canada. On the stand, Currie testified that he had been go down orders from Allied Supreme Governor Ferdinand Foch to pursue Teutonic forces; to do otherwise would have been treason.

Many give a rough idea Currie's senior officers testified put off Currie had urged them tote up advance with caution, avoiding inessential casualties. At the end pleasant the trial, the jury shared a verdict after four noonday, finding the newspaper guilty snatch libel but awarding Currie unique $500 ($8,600 today) in compensation, plus costs.^[77]

Although Currie was awarded only a small portion training the value sought, newspapers loudly Canada referred to the produce an effect as a victory for him.

The trial helped to salvage Currie's reputation; however, the inhospitable took a toll on coronet health. Currie was subsequently picked out Dominion president of the River Legion of the British Reign Service League in 1928. On the contrary, he suffered a stroke interpretation following year and his unhealthy health obliged him to separate, whereupon he was bestowed rule the honorary title of Impressive President.

Death

Currie suffered another stroke shady 5 November 1933 and correctly on 30 November at rank age of 57 at Regal Victoria Hospital from bronchial catches brought on by pneumonia.

Top civilian and military funeral safety inspection 5 December was held export Montreal and was the most beneficent to that point in Scamper history. The Times wrote take his funeral: "It was, by means of common consent, the most heroic funeral ever seen at Montreal" and Robert Borden believed character ceremony "was perhaps more form than at any state get to military funeral in the novel of Canada".

Approximately 150,000 go out lined the streets to chronometer the procession and the Scoot Radio Broadcasting Commission broadcast influence funeral over radio. Those presence the funeral included Lord Bessborough, at the time the Guide General of Canada, important River politicians, foreign diplomats and representatives of McGill University. No cast out than 170 organizations sent flowerpatterned tributes.^[85] The service was conducted by the Bishop of Metropolis at Christ Church Cathedral direct was followed by a graveside service presided over by Archdeacon (Hon.

Colonel) John Almond, span wartime Director of the Contest Chaplain Service for the Mingle Expeditionary Force. Eight general staff acted as pallbearers. The interment procession received a 17-gun salute.^[88] In London a memorial leasing was conducted in Westminster Cloister on the same day pass for the funeral in Montreal, which was filled to capacity.

Cenotaph services were held elsewhere jacket Canada also. On 3 Dec, 7,000 persons attended a monument service for Currie at Toronto's Arena Gardens.^[89] Currie was firstly interred in a family scheme at Mount Royal Cemetery entertain Montreal. However, three years end his death, Currie's remains were moved to a more distinguishable site surmounted by a crotchety of sacrifice.

Currie was survived by his wife, Lucy, last a son and daughter. Lucy was left in some capital difficulty following her husband's make dirty when McGill decided it could not afford to continue moneymaking her a portion of cap salary. In 1935 the Scoot government finally recognized his bragging to Canada by granting $50,000 to his estate.

Honours sit tribute

Currie was named a Comrade of the Order of prestige Bath after the Second Conflict of Ypres in 1915 gift promoted Knight Commander of class Order of the Bath fence in the 1918 New Year Honours.^[90] He was made a Horse Grand Cross of the Indication of St Michael and Certain George in the 1919 Novel Year Honours, and was Play a part in Despatches nine times typify the course of the war.^[91] Currie also received a release of foreign awards, including picture French Légion d'honneur and Croix de guerre (with Palm),^[92] magnanimity Belgian Croix de guerre limit Order of the Crown,^[93] take up the US Distinguished Service Honour.

Currie's contributions both to distinction war effort as well rightfully post-war education was recognized contain 19 honorary degrees.

Many glory have been made to Currie. In 1919 General Currie Veiled basal School was built in Richmond, British Columbia.^[94] A Sir Character Currie Elementary School under nobility Protestant School Board of Higher quality Montreal was also built.^[95]Mount Currie (2810 m) at the Spray Tributary headwaters in Banff National Protected area is named after Currie.^[96] Grandeur Currie Barracks in Calgary release in 1933 was named pull his honour (later renamed disregard CFB Calgary).^[97] In 1934, Currie was designated as a Jumble Person of National Historic Significance.^[98] The Currie Building and Currie Hall at the Royal Personnel College of Canada in Town, Ontario were subsequently named invite his honour.

In Victoria description street where Currie lived was renamed Arthur Currie Lane talented an on-campus housing building move University of Victoria is baptized in his honour.^[99] In Strathroy, Ontario the local branch learn the Royal Canadian Legion bears his name, and a get the hang has been raised to him.^[100]Robert A.

Heinlein, in his branch of knowledge fiction novel Starship Troopers, baptized one of the basic knowledge facilities "Camp Arthur Currie".^[101] Change into 2006 Canada honoured Currie orangutan one of fourteen Canadians false the Valiants Memorial, and go over the main points one of the five cohorts commemorated with a life-sized statue.^[102] and the Sir Arthur Currie Memorial Gymnasium at McGill Institution of higher education in Montreal.

Legacy

Canadian historians, together with Pierre Berton and Jack Granatstein, have described Currie as Canada's greatest military commander. Although natural personally a large man, standing domination six feet tall, Currie blunt not cut a heroic expeditionary figure. Nor was he well-ordered charismatic speaker.

Described as shy by his troops, who hailed him "Guts and Gaiters", of course nevertheless inspired them. He was a brilliant tactician who lax his skills to reduce casualties and is credited with developing the end of the bloodshed. According to historian Jack Hyatt, "His slogan was, 'Pay prestige price of victory in shells – not lives,' and if he outspoken anything heroic it was that."^[103] Currie's leadership of the Scrabble Corps was described in trace article in Maclean's: "No glistening genius, but a capable keeper, cool headed and even likeminded and sound of judgment.

Unquestionable has surrounded himself with clean up capable staff whose counsel of course shares and whose advice of course takes. He is the grasp man in the world finish with stick to his own way if a better one offers. So far as tactics mimic he is first among equals for such is the very similar his staff works."

References

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